--- title: The cassowary of northern Australia and New Guinea is a big flightle… — The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, walla… · tree and pragmatics description: The cassowary of northern Australia and New Guinea is a big flightless bird with a dagger-like claw on its inner toe; its kick can badly hurt people, and by eating fruit it spreads the seeds of many rainforest trees. Who acts: cassowary, kick, toe. A sentence of the lesson «The Australian walkabout: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, e…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/) / 13 # The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and dingoes, sentence 13 The cassowary of northern Australia and New Guinea is a big flightless bird with a dagger-like claw on its inner toe; its kick can badly hurt people, and by eating fruit it spreads the seeds of many rainforest trees. **Who acts:** cassowary, kick, toe · **What happens:** be, hurt, eat, spread, kick · **To what, where:** big flightless bird, people, fruit, seeds This is a sentence of the lesson «The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, emus, wallabies and dingoes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cassowary, kick, toe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes.lesson:13 # text = The cassowary of northern Australia and New Guinea is a big flightless bird with a dagger-like claw on its inner toe; its kick can badly hurt people, and by eating fruit it spreads the seeds of many rainforest trees. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cassowary cassowary NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 4 northern northern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:amod 5 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:compound 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 New New PROPN NNP _ 5 conj _ _ 8 Guinea Guinea PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:nmod 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 11 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 12 flightless flightless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 16 dagger dagger NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 18 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 claw claw NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 22 inner inner ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 toe toe NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 kick kick NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 27 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 badly badly ADV RB Degree=Pos 29 advmod _ _ 29 hurt hurt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 parataxis _ _ 30 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 33 by by SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 34 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 37 advcl _ _ 35 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 42 rainforest rainforest NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 compound _ _ 43 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the cassowary northern Australia and New and Guinea | a big flightless bird | | | | with a like claw on claw's inner toe | tree rules | | 2 | **hurt** | can | toe's kick | people | | | | badly *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Patient | | 3 | **eat** | gerund | kick *not said here* | fruit | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient | | 4 | **spread** | present | kick | the seeds of many rainforest trees | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seed=Theme | | 5 | **kick** | | toe | | | | | | nom kick «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, e…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/12/) - next →: [The Australian walkabout: kangaroos, e…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/103-the-australian-walkabout-kangaroos-emus-wallabies-dingoes/)