--- title: The echidna has spines like a hedgehog, curls up or digs in when tou… — Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus · tree and pragmatics description: The echidna has spines like a hedgehog, curls up or digs in when touched to protect its soft belly, lays eggs, and feeds its babies milk that oozes from patches of skin, because it has no nipples. Who acts: echidna, babies milk. A sentence of the lesson «Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the pla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/) / 12 # Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus, sentence 12 The echidna has spines like a hedgehog, curls up or digs in when touched to protect its soft belly, lays eggs, and feeds its babies milk that oozes from patches of skin, because it has no nipples. **Who acts:** echidna, babies milk · **What happens:** have, curl up, dig in, touch, protect, lay · **To what, where:** spines, soft belly, eggs, babies milk, patches, nipples This is a sentence of the lesson «Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echidna, babies milk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus.lesson:12 # text = The echidna has spines like a hedgehog, curls up or digs in when touched to protect its soft belly, lays eggs, and feeds its babies milk that oozes from patches of skin, because it has no nipples. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 echidna echidna NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 like like ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 curls curl VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 10 up up ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 digs dig VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 13 in in ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 15 advmod _ _ 15 touched touch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 advcl _ _ 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 protect protect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:xcomp 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 19 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 belly belly NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 lays lay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=9:conj 23 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 feeds feed VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 27 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 compound _ _ 29 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 30 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 31 oozes ooze VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl:relcl _ _ 32 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 patches patch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 because because SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 39 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 40 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 41 det _ _ 41 nipples nipple NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the echidna | spines | | | | like a hedgehog | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient | | 2 | **curl up** | present | the echidna *not said here* | | | | | | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **dig in** | present | the echidna *not said here* | | | | | | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **touch** | participle | the echidna *not said here* | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the echidna *not said here* | echidna's soft belly | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belly=Beneficiary | | 6 | **lay** | present | the echidna *not said here* | eggs | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | | 7 | **feed** | present | the echidna *not said here* | echidna's babies milk | | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | | 8 | **ooze** | present | echidna's babies milk | | | patches of skin | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from patch=Source | | 9 | **have** | present | echidna | no nipples | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nipple=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/11/) - next →: [Koalas, wombats, Tasmanian devils and…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/104-koalas-wombats-tasmanian-devils-and-the-platypus/)