---
title: The soles of a polar bear's paws have fur and small bumps that grip… — The polar zone: polar bears · tree and pragmatics
description: The soles of a polar bear's paws have fur and small bumps that grip the ice and keep the feet warm. Who acts: soles, small bumps. A sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The polar zone: polar bears, sentence 11

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The soles of a polar bear's paws have fur and small bumps that grip the ice and keep the feet warm.

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**Who acts:** soles, small bumps · **What happens:** have, grip, keep · **To what, where:** fur, ice, feet

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soles, small bumps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:11
# text = The soles of a polar bear's paws have fur and small bumps that grip the ice and keep the feet warm.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soles	sole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bumps	bump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grip	grip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=15:cc
19	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the soles of a polar bear's paws | fur and small bumps |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient |
| 2 | **grip** | present | small bumps | the ice |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Experiencer |
| 3 | **keep** | present | small bumps *not said here* | the feet |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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