--- title: Arctic sea ice now melts earlier and freezes later as the climate wa… — The polar zone: polar bears · tree and pragmatics description: Arctic sea ice now melts earlier and freezes later as the climate warms, so polar bears have less time to hunt seals, though they can go months without eating while they wait. Who acts: Arctic sea ice, climate, polar bears, seals. A sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The polar zone: polar bears](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/) / 8 # The polar zone: polar bears, sentence 8 Arctic sea ice now melts earlier and freezes later as the climate warms, so polar bears have less time to hunt seals, though they can go months without eating while they wait. **Who acts:** Arctic sea ice, climate, polar bears, seals · **What happens:** melt, freeze, warm, have, hunt, go · **To what, where:** seals This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: polar bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic sea ice, climate, polar bears, seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:8 # text = Arctic sea ice now melts earlier and freezes later as the climate warms, so polar bears have less time to hunt seals, though they can go months without eating while they wait. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Arctic arctic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 now now ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 melts melt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 earlier early ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 5 advmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 freezes freeze VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 9 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 8 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 10 as as SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:case 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 climate climate NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 warms warm VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 16 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 19 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 20 amod _ _ 20 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 hunt hunt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 acl _ _ 23 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 though though SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:conj 29 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl:unmarked _ _ 30 without without SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 31 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 advcl _ _ 32 while while SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 wait wait VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **melt** | present | Arctic sea ice | | | | now | early *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **freeze** | present | Arctic sea ice *not said here* | | | | | late *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **warm** | present | the climate | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **have** | present | polar bears | | | | time | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | polar bears *not said here* | seals | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | | 6 | **go** | can | seals *= seal* | | | | month | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **eat** | gerund | seals *= seal* *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **wait** | present | seals *= seal* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The polar zone: polar bears, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/7/) - next →: [The polar zone: polar bears, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/)