--- title: The polar zone shows how animals beat the cold: the arctic fox has s… — The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmin… · tree and pragmatics description: The polar zone shows how animals beat the cold: the arctic fox has small ears, short legs and a short nose, because small body parts lose less heat, and its winter coat is so warm it hardly needs to shiver. Who acts: polar zone, animals, arctic fox, small body parts. A sentence of the lesson «The po --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/) / 0 # The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 0 The polar zone shows how animals beat the cold: the arctic fox has small ears, short legs and a short nose, because small body parts lose less heat, and its winter coat is so warm it hardly needs to shiver. **Who acts:** polar zone, animals, arctic fox, small body parts, winter coat, coat · **What happens:** show, beat, have, lose, be, need · **To what, where:** cold, small ears, less heat · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (polar zone, animals, arctic fox, small body parts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:0 # text = The polar zone shows how animals beat the cold: the arctic fox has small ears, short legs and a short nose, because small body parts lose less heat, and its winter coat is so warm it hardly needs to shiver. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 zone zone NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 6 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 beat beat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 arctic arctic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 fox fox NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 because because SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 26 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 27 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 30 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 31 amod _ _ 31 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 34 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 coat coat NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 40 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ _ 41 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 42 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=39:parataxis 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 shiver shiver VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 xcomp _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | the polar zone | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **beat** | present | animals | the cold | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cold=Theme | | 3 | **have** | present | the arctic fox | small ears and short legs and a short nose | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | | 4 | **lose** | present | small body parts | less heat | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | | 5 | **is** | present | fox's winter coat | | | | | warm *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **need** | present | coat | | | | | hardly *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 7 | **shiver** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | coat *not said here* | | | | | | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The polar zone: polar bears, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/105-the-polar-zone-polar-bears/14/) - next →: [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/)