--- title: Reindeer feet make a clicking sound from tendons as they walk, which… — The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmin… · tree and pragmatics description: Reindeer feet make a clicking sound from tendons as they walk, which may help a herd keep together in snowstorms, and their hooves are soft in summer for boggy ground and hard in winter to cut into ice. Who acts: Reindeer feet, feet, herd, hooves. A sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic fox --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/) / 11 # The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 11 Reindeer feet make a clicking sound from tendons as they walk, which may help a herd keep together in snowstorms, and their hooves are soft in summer for boggy ground and hard in winter to cut into ice. **Who acts:** Reindeer feet, feet, herd, hooves · **What happens:** make, walk, help, keep together, be, cut · **To what, where:** clicking sound, tendons, herd, snowstorms This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reindeer feet, feet, herd, hooves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:11 # text = Reindeer feet make a clicking sound from tendons as they walk, which may help a herd keep together in snowstorms, and their hooves are soft in summer for boggy ground and hard in winter to cut into ice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Reindeer reindeer NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 clicking clicking NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 tendons tendon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 9 as as SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 14 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 19 together together ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 snowstorms snowstorm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 hooves hoof NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 for for ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 boggy boggy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 conj _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:obl 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 cut cut VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:acl 39 into into ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | Reindeer feet | a clicking sound | | tendons | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset sound=Product from tendon=Material | | 2 | **walk** | present | feet *= foot* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **help** | may | | a herd | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent herd=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 4 | **keep together** | infinitive | a herd *not said here* | | | snowstorms | | together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in snowstorm=Location | | 5 | **is** | present | feet's hooves | | | | summer | for boggy ground; soft *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **be** | | feet's hooves *not said here* | | | | winter | | tree rules | | 7 | **cut** | to-infinitive | feet's hooves *not said here* | | | | | into ice | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into ice=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/10/) - next →: [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/)