--- title: Lemmings are small tundra rodents whose numbers rise and fall hugely… — The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmin… · tree and pragmatics description: Lemmings are small tundra rodents whose numbers rise and fall hugely every few years; in crowded years they spread out and some drown crossing rivers, but they do not jump off cliffs on purpose. Who acts: Lemmings, numbers, some. A sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, le --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/) / 7 # The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer, sentence 7 Lemmings are small tundra rodents whose numbers rise and fall hugely every few years; in crowded years they spread out and some drown crossing rivers, but they do not jump off cliffs on purpose. **Who acts:** Lemmings, numbers, some · **What happens:** be, rise, fall, spread out, drown, crossing · **To what, where:** small tundra rodents, rivers, cliffs, purpose This is a sentence of the lesson «The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy owls, lemmings and reindeer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lemmings, numbers, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:7 # text = Lemmings are small tundra rodents whose numbers rise and fall hugely every few years; in crowded years they spread out and some drown crossing rivers, but they do not jump off cliffs on purpose. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Lemmings lemming NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 tundra tundra NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 rodents rodent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 rise rise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 11 hugely hugely ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 12 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 14 det _ _ 13 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 crowded crowded ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 21 out out ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 24 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Ind 24 drown drown VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 25 crossing crossing VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 xcomp _ _ 26 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 30 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 31 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 32 jump jump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:conj 33 off off ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 35 on on ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 purpose purpose NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Lemmings | small tundra rodents | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **rise** | present | numbers | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **fall** | present | numbers *not said here* | | | | year | hugely *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **spread out** | past | lemmings *= lemming* | | | | year | out *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **drown** | present | some | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **crossing** | gerund | some *not said here* | rivers | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **jump off** | present · do-support | lemmings *= lemming* | cliffs | | purpose | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme on purpose=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/6/) - next →: [The polar zone: arctic foxes, snowy ow…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/106-the-polar-zone-arctic-foxes-snowy-owls-lemmings-reindeer/)