--- title: Piranhas are mostly shy fish that eat fish, seeds, insects and dead… — The South American area: sloths, anteaters, pira… · tree and pragmatics description: Piranhas are mostly shy fish that eat fish, seeds, insects and dead animals; attacks on people are rare and usually small bites, and they swim in groups mostly for safety from their own predators. Who acts: Piranhas, shy fish, attacks. A sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, antea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The South American area: sloths, antea…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/) / 10 # The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 10 Piranhas are mostly shy fish that eat fish, seeds, insects and dead animals; attacks on people are rare and usually small bites, and they swim in groups mostly for safety from their own predators. **Who acts:** Piranhas, shy fish, attacks · **What happens:** be, eat, swim · **To what, where:** shy fish, fish, groups This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Piranhas, shy fish, attacks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:10 # text = Piranhas are mostly shy fish that eat fish, seeds, insects and dead animals; attacks on people are rare and usually small bites, and they swim in groups mostly for safety from their own predators. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Piranhas piranha NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 shy shy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:appos 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 attacks attack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 rare rare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 parataxis _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 usually usually ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 bites bite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 groups group NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 32 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 33 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 safety safety NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 35 from from ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 37 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:obl 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Piranhas | shy fish | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **eat** | present | shy fish | fish and seeds and insects and dead animals | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | attacks on people | | | | | rare *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **swim** | present | attacks *= attack* | | | groups | | for safety from animals's own predators | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/9/) - next →: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/)