--- title: Rheas are big flightless birds of South America, cousins of ostriche… — The South American area: sloths, anteaters, pira… · tree and pragmatics description: Rheas are big flightless birds of South America, cousins of ostriches and emus, and a rhea father sits on eggs laid by several females, sometimes over 50. Who acts: Rheas, rhea father. A sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The South American area: sloths, antea…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/) / 12 # The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 12 Rheas are big flightless birds of South America, cousins of ostriches and emus, and a rhea father sits on eggs laid by several females, sometimes over 50. **Who acts:** Rheas, rhea father · **What happens:** be, sit, lay · **To what, where:** big flightless birds, eggs This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rheas, rhea father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:12 # text = Rheas are big flightless birds of South America, cousins of ostriches and emus, and a rhea father sits on eggs laid by several females, sometimes over 50. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Rheas rhea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 flightless flightless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 ostriches ostrich NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 emus emu NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 rhea rhea NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 sits sit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 21 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 laid lay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 acl _ _ 24 by by ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl:agent _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 29 advmod _ _ 29 over over ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 30 50 50 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Rheas | big flightless birds and cousins of ostriches and emus | | | | of South America | tree rules | | 2 | **sit** | present | a rhea father | | | eggs | | over *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on egg=Location | | 3 | **lay** | participle | | eggs *not said here* | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/11/) - next →: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/)