--- title: Llamas and alpacas were bred from wild guanacos and vicunas in the A… — The South American area: sloths, anteaters, pira… · tree and pragmatics description: Llamas and alpacas were bred from wild guanacos and vicunas in the Andes thousands of years ago, llamas to carry loads and alpacas for soft wool, and llamas spit when annoyed, mostly at other llamas. Who acts: llamas. A sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The South American area: sloths, antea…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/) / 13 # The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 13 Llamas and alpacas were bred from wild guanacos and vicunas in the Andes thousands of years ago, llamas to carry loads and alpacas for soft wool, and llamas spit when annoyed, mostly at other llamas. **Who acts:** llamas · **What happens:** breed, carry, spit · **To what, where:** Llamas, wild guanacos, loads This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (llamas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:13 # text = Llamas and alpacas were bred from wild guanacos and vicunas in the Andes thousands of years ago, llamas to carry loads and alpacas for soft wool, and llamas spit when annoyed, mostly at other llamas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 alpacas alpaca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 bred breed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 guanacos guanaco NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 vicunas vicuna NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 Andes ande PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 14 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl:unmarked 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ _ 17 ago ago ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 acl _ _ 22 loads load NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 alpacas alpaca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 wool wool NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 spit spit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 32 when when SCONJ WRB _ 33 mark _ _ 33 annoyed annoyed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 advcl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 36 at at ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breed** | past · passive | | Llamas and alpacas | | wild guanacos and vicunas | | in the Andes; ago *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **carry** | to-infinitive | | loads and alpacas | | | | for soft wool | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme | | 3 | **spit** | present | llamas | | | | | at other llamas | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/12/) - next →: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/)