---
title: Some rainforest poison frogs carry their tadpoles on their backs up… — The South American area: sloths, anteaters, pira… · tree and pragmatics
description: Some rainforest poison frogs carry their tadpoles on their backs up to little pools in bromeliad plants, safe from fish, and some mothers come back to feed them unfertilised eggs, because the tiny pool has almost no other food. Who acts: poison frogs, mothers, tiny pool. A sentence of the lesson «Th
---

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# The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 14

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Some rainforest poison frogs carry their tadpoles on their backs up to little pools in bromeliad plants, safe from fish, and some mothers come back to feed them unfertilised eggs, because the tiny pool has almost no other food.

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**Who acts:** poison frogs, mothers, tiny pool · **What happens:** carry, come back, feed, have · **To what, where:** tadpoles, backs, unfertilised eggs, mothers, other food

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poison frogs, mothers, tiny pool), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:14
# text = Some rainforest poison frogs carry their tadpoles on their backs up to little pools in bromeliad plants, safe from fish, and some mothers come back to feed them unfertilised eggs, because the tiny pool has almost no other food.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
2	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	up	up	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	bromeliad	bromeliad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
27	back	back	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:xcomp
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	iobj	_	_
31	unfertilised	unfertilised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
34	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
39	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
40	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	42	det	_	_
41	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | some poison frogs | frogs's tadpoles |  | frogs's backs |  | to little pools in bromeliad plants | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tadpole=Theme to pool=Destination |
| 2 | **come back** | present | some mothers |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **feed** | to-infinitive | some mothers *not said here* | unfertilised eggs | mothers *= mother* |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient egg=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | the tiny pool | no other food |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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