--- title: Sid in Ice Age is a ground sloth; giant ground sloths, some as big a… — The South American area: sloths, anteaters, pira… · tree and pragmatics description: Sid in Ice Age is a ground sloth; giant ground sloths, some as big as elephants, walked the Americas until about 10,000 years ago, and scientists think people hunting and a changing climate helped wipe them out. Who acts: Sid, scientists, people. A sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The South American area: sloths, antea…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/) / 15 # The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters, sentence 15 Sid in Ice Age is a ground sloth; giant ground sloths, some as big as elephants, walked the Americas until about 10,000 years ago, and scientists think people hunting and a changing climate helped wipe them out. **Who acts:** Sid, scientists, people · **What happens:** be, walk, think, hunt, change, help · **To what, where:** ground sloth, Americas, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The South American area: sloths, anteaters, piranhas and giant otters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sid, scientists, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:15 # text = Sid in Ice Age is a ground sloth; giant ground sloths, some as big as elephants, walked the Americas until about 10,000 years ago, and scientists think people hunting and a changing climate helped wipe them out. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sid Sid PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 Ice Ice PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 Age age PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 sloth sloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 parataxis _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 10 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 sloths sloth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 16 nsubj _ _ 15 as as ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 parataxis _ _ 17 as as ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 20 walked walk VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 23 until until ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 about about ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 10,000 10000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl:unmarked _ _ 27 ago ago ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 32 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 33 hunting hunt VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 acl _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 changing change VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 37 amod _ _ 37 climate climate NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ _ 38 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 39 wipe wipe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 xcomp _ _ 40 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ _ 41 out out ADP RP _ 39 compound:prt _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Sid in Ice Age | a ground sloth and giant ground sloths | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **walk** | past | | the Americas | | | year | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent americas=Agent | | 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present | scientists | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **hunt** | gerund | people and a changing climate *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **change** | gerund | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **help** | past | people and a changing climate | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **wipe out** | infinitive | people and a changing climate *not said here* | people | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent they=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The South American area: sloths, antea…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/14/) - next →: [Behind the scenes: a day with the keep…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/109-behind-the-scenes-a-day-with-the-keepers/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/108-the-south-american-area-sloths-anteaters-piranhas-giant-otters/)