--- title: A Venus flytrap closes only if its trigger hairs are touched twice w… — Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs · tree and pragmatics description: A Venus flytrap closes only if its trigger hairs are touched twice within about 20 seconds, so raindrops and dust do not waste its energy; in the wild it grows only in a small area of North and South Carolina in the USA. Who acts: Venus flytrap, raindrops, soil. A sentence of the lesson «Swamps, mar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/) / 10 # Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 10 A Venus flytrap closes only if its trigger hairs are touched twice within about 20 seconds, so raindrops and dust do not waste its energy; in the wild it grows only in a small area of North and South Carolina in the USA. **Who acts:** Venus flytrap, raindrops, soil · **What happens:** close, touch, not waste, grow · **To what, where:** trigger hairs, energy, wild This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venus flytrap, raindrops, soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:10 # text = A Venus flytrap closes only if its trigger hairs are touched twice within about 20 seconds, so raindrops and dust do not waste its energy; in the wild it grows only in a small area of North and South Carolina in the USA. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Venus Venus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 flytrap flytrap NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 closes close VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 only only ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 6 if if SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 7 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 8 trigger trigger NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 touched touch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 advcl _ _ 12 twice twice ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 11 advmod _ _ 13 within within ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 about about ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 18 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 19 raindrops raindrop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 dust dust NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 waste waste VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 25 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 wild wild NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 33 only only ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 area area NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 39 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 compound _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 conj _ _ 42 Carolina Carolina PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 USA USA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **close** | present | a Venus flytrap | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **touch** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive | | soil's trigger hairs | | | second | twice *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | | 3 | **not** **waste** | present · do-support | raindrops and dust | soil's energy | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | | 4 | **grow** | present | soil | | | the wild | | in a small area of North Carolina; in the USA | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wild=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/9/) - next →: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/)