--- title: Mudskippers are fish of mangrove swamps that skip across the mud on… — Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs · tree and pragmatics description: Mudskippers are fish of mangrove swamps that skip across the mud on their fins; they keep water in their gill chambers and breathe through their wet skin, so they can stay out of water for hours. Who acts: Mudskippers, mangrove swamps. A sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/) / 14 # Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 14 Mudskippers are fish of mangrove swamps that skip across the mud on their fins; they keep water in their gill chambers and breathe through their wet skin, so they can stay out of water for hours. **Who acts:** Mudskippers, mangrove swamps · **What happens:** be, skip, keep, breathe, stay out · **To what, where:** fish, mud, water, gill chambers, wet skin This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mudskippers, mangrove swamps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:14 # text = Mudskippers are fish of mangrove swamps that skip across the mud on their fins; they keep water in their gill chambers and breathe through their wet skin, so they can stay out of water for hours. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Mudskippers mudskipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 mangrove mangrove NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 swamps swamp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 8 skip skip VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 9 across across ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 fins fin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 18 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 gill gill NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 chambers chamber NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 through through ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 27 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 32 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 34 out out ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 for for ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Mudskippers | fish | | | | of mangrove swamps | tree rules | | 2 | **skip** | present | mangrove swamps | | | the mud | | on fish's fins | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across mud=Trajectory | | 3 | **keep** | present | mudskippers *= mudskipper* | water | | fish's gill chambers | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in chamber=Location | | 4 | **breathe** | present | mudskippers *= mudskipper* *not said here* | | | fish's wet skin | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stay out** | can | mudskippers *= mudskipper* | water | | | hour | | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme water=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/13/) - next →: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/)