--- title: In airless marsh mud, bacteria rot dead plants and make methane and… — Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs · tree and pragmatics description: In airless marsh mud, bacteria rot dead plants and make methane and smelly hydrogen sulphide, the rotten-egg smell; old stories of will-o'-the-wisp lights may come from marsh gas, but scientists are not sure. Who acts: bacteria, old stories, wisp lights, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Swamps, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/) / 15 # Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 15 In airless marsh mud, bacteria rot dead plants and make methane and smelly hydrogen sulphide, the rotten-egg smell; old stories of will-o'-the-wisp lights may come from marsh gas, but scientists are not sure. **Who acts:** bacteria, old stories, wisp lights, scientists · **What happens:** rot, make, o, come, not be · **To what, where:** dead plants, airless marsh mud, methane, marsh gas This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bacteria, old stories, wisp lights, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:15 # text = In airless marsh mud, bacteria rot dead plants and make methane and smelly hydrogen sulphide, the rotten-egg smell; old stories of will-o'-the-wisp lights may come from marsh gas, but scientists are not sure. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 airless airless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 marsh marsh NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 rot rot VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 12 methane methane NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 smelly smelly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 hydrogen hydrogen NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 sulphide sulphide NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 19 rotten rotten ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:amod 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 21 egg egg NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 smell smell NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 24 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 26 of of SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 27 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 27 punct _ _ 29 o o VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ _ 30 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=37:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:det 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ _ 34 wisp wisp NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 36 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=11:conj 38 from from ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 marsh marsh NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 42 but but CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 43 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nsubj _ _ 44 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 45 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 46 advmod _ _ 46 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rot** | present | bacteria | dead plants | | airless marsh mud | | | tree rules | | 2 | **make** | present | bacteria *not said here* | methane and smelly hydrogen sulphide and the egg smell | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset methane=Product | | 3 | **o** | future | old stories | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **come** | may | wisp lights | | | marsh gas | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from gas=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **not** **is** | present | scientists | | | | | sure *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/14/) - next →: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/)