--- title: Peat is half-rotted dead plants, mostly bog moss, piled up over thou… — Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs · tree and pragmatics description: Peat is half-rotted dead plants, mostly bog moss, piled up over thousands of years; it grows only about 1 millimetre a year, because in cold, wet, acid, airless bogs rotting is very slow; peatlands cover only about 3 percent of the land but store more carbon than all the world's forests together. Wh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/) / 8 # Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, sentence 8 Peat is half-rotted dead plants, mostly bog moss, piled up over thousands of years; it grows only about 1 millimetre a year, because in cold, wet, acid, airless bogs rotting is very slow; peatlands cover only about 3 percent of the land but store more carbon than all the world's forests together. **Who acts:** Peat, cold wet acid airless bogs, peatlands · **What happens:** rot, pile up, grow, be, cover, store · **To what, where:** Peat, dead plants, thousands, 1 millimetre, 3 percent, more carbon This is a sentence of the lesson «Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peat, cold wet acid airless bogs, peatlands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:8 # text = Peat is half-rotted dead plants, mostly bog moss, piled up over thousands of years; it grows only about 1 millimetre a year, because in cold, wet, acid, airless bogs rotting is very slow; peatlands cover only about 3 percent of the land but store more carbon than all the world's forests together. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Peat peat NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 3 half half ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 5 compound _ _ 4 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 3 punct _ _ 5 rotted rot VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 10 bog bog NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 moss moss NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 piled pile VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:acl 14 up up ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 over over ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 22 only only ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 about about ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 25 millimetre millimetre NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obl:unmarked 28 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 29 because because SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 33 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 35 acid acid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 37 airless airless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 bogs bog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 39 rotting rot VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 42 amod _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 41 very very ADV RB _ 42 advmod _ _ 42 slow slow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 43 ; ; PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 peatlands peatland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 nsubj _ _ 45 cover cover VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 46 only only ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=49:advmod 47 about about ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=49:advmod 48 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 49 nummod _ _ 49 percent percent NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 50 of of ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nmod _ _ 53 but but CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 54 store store VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 55 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 56 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=56:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 56 carbon carbon NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obj _ _ 57 than than ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 58 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 60 det:predet _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 nmod:poss _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=62:compound 61 's 's PART POS _ 60 case _ _ 62 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obl _ _ 63 together together ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rot** | present · passive | | Peat | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pile up** | participle | | dead plants *not said here* | | thousands of years | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over thousand=Destination | | 3 | **grow** | present | Peat | 1 millimetre a year | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location millimetre=Theme | | 4 | **rot** | gerund | | | | | | | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | cold wet acid airless bogs | | | | | slow *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **cover** | present | peatlands | 3 percent of the land | | | | together *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme percent=Destination | | 7 | **store** | present | peatlands *not said here* | more carbon | | | | than all world's forests | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carbon=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:011-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/7/) - next →: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/)