---
title: The hardest part is that a patient cannot say where it hurts and may… — Behind the scenes: the zoo vet and the animal ho… · tree and pragmatics
description: The hardest part is that a patient cannot say where it hurts and may be big or dangerous, so vets rely on keepers' notes, weight, dung samples and training, and use sleep medicine only when an animal cannot be handled safely. Who acts: patient, vets, keepers. A sentence of the lesson «Behind the sce
---

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# Behind the scenes: the zoo vet and the animal hospital, sentence 1

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The hardest part is that a patient cannot say where it hurts and may be big or dangerous, so vets rely on keepers' notes, weight, dung samples and training, and use sleep medicine only when an animal cannot be handled safely.

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**Who acts:** patient, vets, keepers · **What happens:** be, not say, hurt, rely, use, not handle · **To what, where:** hardest part, sleep medicine, animal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Behind the scenes: the zoo vet and the animal hospital» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (patient, vets, keepers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:110-behind-the-scenes-the-zoo-vet-and-the-animal-hospital.lesson:1
# text = The hardest part is that a patient cannot say where it hurts and may be big or dangerous, so vets rely on keepers' notes, weight, dung samples and training, and use sleep medicine only when an animal cannot be handled safely.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 110-behind-the-scenes-the-zoo-vet-and-the-animal-hospital.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hardest	hard	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	patient	patient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	vets	vet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	rely	rely	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	keepers	keeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	'	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	samples	sample	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	appos	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
38	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
40	only	only	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	47	mark	_	_
42	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
45	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	47	advmod	_	_
46	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	handled	handle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	advcl	_	_
48	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the hardest part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | can | a patient |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hurt** | present | patient |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | may | patient *not said here* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | patient *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **rely** | present | vets |  |  |  |  | on keepers's notes and weight | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on note=Theme |
| 7 | **use** | present | vets *not said here* | sleep medicine |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Patient |
| 8 | **not** **handle** | can · passive |  | a animal |  |  |  | safely *property* | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 9 | **note** |  | keepers |  |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:110-behind-the-scenes-the-zoo-vet-and-the-animal-hospital.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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