---
title: Przewalski's horses, short and stocky, are the last truly wild horse… — Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to… · tree and pragmatics
description: Przewalski's horses, short and stocky, are the last truly wild horses; they were extinct in the wild by the 1960s, and zoo-bred horses were released in Mongolia from the 1990s, where hundreds now live. Who acts: horses, animals, hundreds. A sentence of the lesson «Back to the wild: animals that zoos
---

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# Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to nature, sentence 7

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Przewalski's horses, short and stocky, are the last truly wild horses; they were extinct in the wild by the 1960s, and zoo-bred horses were released in Mongolia from the 1990s, where hundreds now live.

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**Who acts:** horses, animals, hundreds · **What happens:** be, breed, release, live · **To what, where:** wild, bred horses, Mongolia

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Back to the wild: animals that zoos returned to nature» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, animals, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:114-back-to-the-wild.lesson:7
# text = Przewalski's horses, short and stocky, are the last truly wild horses; they were extinct in the wild by the 1960s, and zoo-bred horses were released in Mongolia from the 1990s, where hundreds now live.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 114-back-to-the-wild.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Przewalski	Przewalski	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stocky	stocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod
13	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	1960s	1960s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
27	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	_
29	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	released	release	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Mongolia	Mongolia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	32	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	42	advmod	_	_
40	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
41	now	now	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Przewalski's horses |  |  |  |  | wild horses *obl*; last *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | animals *= animal* |  |  | the wild |  | by the 1960s; extinct *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **breed** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **release** | past · passive |  | bred horses |  | Mongolia |  | from the 1990s | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Source |
| 5 | **live** | present | hundreds |  |  |  | now |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:114-back-to-the-wild.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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