--- title: Zoos began as collections for kings to show off their power: for abo… — Why zoos exist and what critics say · tree and pragmatics description: Zoos began as collections for kings to show off their power: for about 600 years English kings kept lions, an elephant and even a polar bear at the Tower of London, in small cages with poor care. Who acts: Zoos, English kings. A sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the bio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Why zoos exist and what critics say](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/) / 0 # Why zoos exist and what critics say, sentence 0 Zoos began as collections for kings to show off their power: for about 600 years English kings kept lions, an elephant and even a polar bear at the Tower of London, in small cages with poor care. **Who acts:** Zoos, English kings · **What happens:** begin, show off, keep · **To what, where:** power, lions, Tower This is a sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zoos, English kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:0 # text = Zoos began as collections for kings to show off their power: for about 600 years English kings kept lions, an elephant and even a polar bear at the Tower of London, in small cages with poor care. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Zoos zoo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 as as ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 collections collection NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 9 off off ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:obl 12 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 about about ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 600 600 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 17 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 appos _ _ 19 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl _ _ 20 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:obj 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 even even ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 Tower Tower PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 cages cage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl 38 with with ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 care care NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | past | Zoos | | | | | as collections; for kings | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **show off** | to-infinitive | Zoos *not said here* | Zoos's power | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent power=Recipient | | 3 | **keep** | past | English kings *not said here* | lions and a elephant and a polar bear | | the Tower of London | | in small cages with poor care | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent lion=Theme at tower=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Back to the wild: animals that zoos re…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/114-back-to-the-wild/17/) - next →: [Why zoos exist and what critics say, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/)