---
title: Many zoos have stopped keeping elephants, orcas and polar bears if t… — Why zoos exist and what critics say · tree and pragmatics
description: Many zoos have stopped keeping elephants, orcas and polar bears if they cannot give them enough space, because these animals often suffered in small spaces (a wild orca swims huge distances in the open ocean); SeaWorld stopped breeding orcas in 2016. Who acts: Many zoos, Zoos, animals, wild orca. A 
---

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# Why zoos exist and what critics say, sentence 10

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Many zoos have stopped keeping elephants, orcas and polar bears if they cannot give them enough space, because these animals often suffered in small spaces (a wild orca swims huge distances in the open ocean); SeaWorld stopped breeding orcas in 2016.

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**Who acts:** Many zoos, Zoos, animals, wild orca, SeaWorld · **What happens:** stop, keep, not give, suffer, swim, breed · **To what, where:** elephants, enough space, animals, small spaces, huge distances, open ocean

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many zoos, Zoos, animals, wild orca), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:10
# text = Many zoos have stopped keeping elephants, orcas and polar bears if they cannot give them enough space, because these animals often suffered in small spaces (a wild orca swims huge distances in the open ocean); SeaWorld stopped breeding orcas in 2016.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	zoos	zoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	xcomp	_	_
6	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	orcas	orca	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advcl
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
19	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
24	often	often	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	spaces	space	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	orca	orca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	parataxis	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:parataxis
34	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
40	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	SeaWorld	SeaWorld	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
43	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
44	breeding	breed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	xcomp	_	_
45	orcas	orca	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obj	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	2016	2016	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	44	obl	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present · perfect | Many zoos |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **keep** | gerund | Many zoos *not said here* | elephants and orcas and polar bears |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **give** *a condition, not said to happen* | can | Zoos *= zoo* | enough space | animals *= animal* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient space=Theme |
| 4 | **suffer** | past | this animals |  |  | small spaces |  | often *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **swim** | present | a wild orca | huge distances |  | the open ocean |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme distance=Trajectory |
| 6 | **stop** | past | SeaWorld |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **breed** | gerund | SeaWorld *not said here* | orcas |  | 2016 |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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