--- title: Paying to hold a tiger cub for a selfie often harms it: cubs are tak… — Why zoos exist and what critics say · tree and pragmatics description: Paying to hold a tiger cub for a selfie often harms it: cubs are taken from their mothers early, bred for money and kept badly when they grow up, and good zoos never allow it. Who acts: Paying, Zoos, good zoos. A sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of M --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Why zoos exist and what critics say](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/) / 12 # Why zoos exist and what critics say, sentence 12 Paying to hold a tiger cub for a selfie often harms it: cubs are taken from their mothers early, bred for money and kept badly when they grow up, and good zoos never allow it. **Who acts:** Paying, Zoos, good zoos · **What happens:** pay, hold, harm, take, breed, keep · **To what, where:** tiger cub, elephant, cubs This is a sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paying, Zoos, good zoos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:12 # text = Paying to hold a tiger cub for a selfie often harms it: cubs are taken from their mothers early, bred for money and kept badly when they grow up, and good zoos never allow it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Paying pay VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 csubj _ _ 2 to to PART TO _ 3 mark _ _ 3 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 tiger tiger NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 cub cub NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 selfie selfie NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 often often ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 harms harm VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 14 cubs cub NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 17 from from ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 mothers mother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 early early ADV RB Degree=Pos 16 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 bred breed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=22:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 badly badly ADV RB Degree=Pos 26 advmod _ _ 28 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 30 advmod _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 advcl _ _ 31 up up ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 zoos zoo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 36 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 37 allow allow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pay** | gerund | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **hold** | to-infinitive | | a tiger cub | | | | for a selfie | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Theme | | 3 | **harm** | present | Paying | elephant | | | | often *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer | | 4 | **take** | present · passive | | cubs | | | | from cubs's mothers; early *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme from mother=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **breed** | participle | | | | | | for money | tree rules | | 6 | **keep** | participle | | | | | | badly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **grow up** | present | Zoos *= zoo* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **not** **allow** | present | good zoos | elephant | | | | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why zoos exist and what critics say, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/11/) - next →: [Why zoos exist and what critics say, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/)