---
title: Tapping on glass, shouting and flash photos frighten animals, which… — Why zoos exist and what critics say · tree and pragmatics
description: Tapping on glass, shouting and flash photos frighten animals, which cannot leave as easily as visitors can. Who acts: Tapping photos, animals. A sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Why zoos exist and what critics say, sentence 16

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Tapping on glass, shouting and flash photos frighten animals, which cannot leave as easily as visitors can.

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**Who acts:** Tapping photos, animals · **What happens:** frighten, not leave · **To what, where:** animals

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Why zoos exist and what critics say» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tapping photos, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:16
# text = Tapping on glass, shouting and flash photos frighten animals, which cannot leave as easily as visitors can.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Tapping	tapping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	shouting	shouting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	frighten	frighten	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	_
16	as	as	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | present | Tapping photos | animals |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **leave** | can | animals |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Why zoos exist and what critics say, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/15/)
- next →: [Famous zoos in the USA and the UK, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/116-famous-zoos-in-the-usa-and-the-uk/1/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/115-why-zoos-exist-and-what-critics-say/)