--- title: A mother cat teaches her kittens by bringing dead prey, then live pr… — How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing · tree and pragmatics description: A mother cat teaches her kittens by bringing dead prey, then live prey, then hunting with them, and kittens play-fight and pounce on tails from about four weeks old as practice. Who acts: mother cat, kittens. A sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biolog --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/) / 14 # How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 14 A mother cat teaches her kittens by bringing dead prey, then live prey, then hunting with them, and kittens play-fight and pounce on tails from about four weeks old as practice. **Who acts:** mother cat, kittens · **What happens:** teach, bring, hunt, play · **To what, where:** kittens, dead prey, fight This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mother cat, kittens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:14 # text = A mother cat teaches her kittens by bringing dead prey, then live prey, then hunting with them, and kittens play-fight and pounce on tails from about four weeks old as practice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 teaches teach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 kittens kitten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 by by SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 8 bringing bring VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 9 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 14 advmod _ _ 13 live live ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 17 advmod _ _ 17 hunting hunt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 conj _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 kittens kitten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 play play VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 24 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct 25 fight fight NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 pounce pounce NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 28 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 tails tail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:nmod 30 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 about about ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 33 nummod _ _ 33 weeks week NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 34 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 35 as as ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 practice practice NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a mother cat | | prey's kittens | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kitten=Recipient | | 2 | **bring** | gerund | a mother cat *not said here* | dead prey | | | | live prey *obl* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent prey=Theme | | 3 | **hunt** | gerund | a mother cat *not said here* | | | | then | with Kittens *= kitten* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **play** | present | kittens | fight and pounce | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/13/) - next →: [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/)