---
title: Pet cats hunt birds, mice, voles, lizards and insects, and in places… — How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing · tree and pragmatics
description: Pet cats hunt birds, mice, voles, lizards and insects, and in places like Australia and on islands cats have badly harmed small wild animals; a bright collar or a bell and keeping cats in at dawn and dusk help birds. Who acts: Pet cats, cats, bright collar. A sentence of the lesson «How real cats hu
---

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# How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 15

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Pet cats hunt birds, mice, voles, lizards and insects, and in places like Australia and on islands cats have badly harmed small wild animals; a bright collar or a bell and keeping cats in at dawn and dusk help birds.

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**Who acts:** Pet cats, cats, bright collar · **What happens:** hunt, harm, keep, help · **To what, where:** birds, small wild animals, places, cats

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pet cats, cats, bright collar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:15
# text = Pet cats hunt birds, mice, voles, lizards and insects, and in places like Australia and on islands cats have badly harmed small wild animals; a bright collar or a bell and keeping cats in at dawn and dusk help birds.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1
1	Pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	voles	vole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=10:conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=18:cc
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	25	advmod	_	_
25	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
26	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	collar	collar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	35	conj	_	_
38	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	at	at	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	conj	_	_
44	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
45	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Pet cats | birds and mice and voles and lizards and insects |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |
| 2 | **harm** | present · perfect | cats | small wild animals |  | places like Australia and islands |  | badly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | a bright collar or a bell *not said here* | cats |  |  | dawn |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme |
| 4 | **help** | present | a bright collar or a bell |  | birds |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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