--- title: Real cats mostly hunt by waiting, not chasing: a cat may sit perfect… — How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing · tree and pragmatics description: Real cats mostly hunt by waiting, not chasing: a cat may sit perfectly still beside a hole in the garden for an hour, ears swivelling to catch the faintest scratch, because waiting saves energy and a still cat is hard to notice. Who acts: Real cats, cat, ears, still cat. A sentence of the lesson «Ho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/) / 2 # How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 2 Real cats mostly hunt by waiting, not chasing: a cat may sit perfectly still beside a hole in the garden for an hour, ears swivelling to catch the faintest scratch, because waiting saves energy and a still cat is hard to notice. **Who acts:** Real cats, cat, ears, still cat · **What happens:** hunt, wait, not chase, sit, swivelling, catch · **To what, where:** hole, faintest scratch, energy This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real cats, cat, ears, still cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:2 # text = Real cats mostly hunt by waiting, not chasing: a cat may sit perfectly still beside a hole in the garden for an hour, ears swivelling to catch the faintest scratch, because waiting saves energy and a still cat is hard to notice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 by by SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 waiting wait VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 9 advmod _ _ 9 chasing chase VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:advcl 10 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 13 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 sit sit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 parataxis _ _ 15 perfectly perfectly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 still still ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 17 beside beside ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 swivelling swivelling VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 advcl _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 catch catch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:acl 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 faintest faint ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 33 amod _ _ 33 scratch scratch NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 because because SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 36 waiting wait VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 37 nsubj _ _ 37 saves save VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 38 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 still still ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=42:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 42 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 43 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 44 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 conj _ _ 45 to to PART TO _ 46 mark _ _ 46 notice notice VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 44 xcomp _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | present | Real cats | | | | | mostly *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **wait** | gerund | Real cats *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **not** **chase** | gerund | Real cats *not said here* | | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **sit** | may | a cat | | | a hole in the garden | still; hour | perfectly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside hole=Location | | 5 | **swivelling** | gerund | ears | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **catch** | to-infinitive | ears *not said here* | the faintest scratch | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scratch=Theme | | 7 | **wait** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **save** | present | | energy | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 9 | **is** | present | a still cat | | | | | hard *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **notice** | to-infinitive | a still cat *not said here* | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/1/) - next →: [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/)