--- title: Kittens learn from their mother, who brings them prey to practise on… — How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing · tree and pragmatics description: Kittens learn from their mother, who brings them prey to practise on, and even a pet cat that sleeps most of the day on the sofa may still catch a bird in the garden at dawn or dusk. Who acts: Kittens, mother, pet cat. A sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/) / 4 # How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing, sentence 4 Kittens learn from their mother, who brings them prey to practise on, and even a pet cat that sleeps most of the day on the sofa may still catch a bird in the garden at dawn or dusk. **Who acts:** Kittens, mother, pet cat · **What happens:** learn, bring, practise on, sleep, catch · **To what, where:** prey, Kittens, most, sofa, bird, garden This is a sentence of the lesson «How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting and pouncing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kittens, mother, pet cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:4 # text = Kittens learn from their mother, who brings them prey to practise on, and even a pet cat that sleeps most of the day on the sofa may still catch a bird in the garden at dawn or dusk. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Kittens kitten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 learn learn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 8 brings bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 iobj _ _ 10 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 practise practise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 acl _ _ 13 on on ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 16 even even ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 pet pet NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 20 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 sleeps sleep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 22 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 21 obl _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 sofa sofa NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nmod 29 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 still still ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 catch catch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 37 at at ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:nmod 39 or or CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 dusk dusk NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 conj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **learn** | present | Kittens | | | | | from Kittens's mother | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from mother=Source | | 2 | **bring** | present | Kittens's mother | prey | Kittens *= kitten* | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination prey=Theme | | 3 | **practise on** | to-infinitive | Kittens's mother *not said here* | prey *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **sleep** | present | a pet cat | most of the day | | the sofa | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **catch** | may | a pet cat | a bird | | the garden | still; dawn | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:119-how-real-cats-hunt.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/3/) - next →: [How real cats hunt: stalking, waiting…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/119-how-real-cats-hunt/)