--- title: Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Kick through autumn leaves and you are walking on next year's soil: fungi and tiny creatures rot the leav --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / Forests: woodland through the year and… # Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest Lesson 12 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/). - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/1/) — Kick through autumn leaves and you are walking on next year's soil: fungi and tiny creatures rot the leaves and dead wood back into food for the trees. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/2/) — Every animal has its own trick for the cold months: the squirrel buries acorns, the hedgehog sleeps through winter in a nest of leaves, the owl keeps hunting in the dark. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/3/) — Far to the north lies the biggest forest on land, the taiga, a dark green belt of spruce, pine, fir and larch across Canada, Scandinavia and Russia, where snow slides off cone-shaped trees and moose wade in the lakes. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/4/) — In autumn a tree stops making green chlorophyll and breaks it down, so the yellow and orange colours hidden underneath show through; red colours are made fresh in autumn. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/5/) — A tree grows one new ring of wood each year, light spring wood and darker summer wood; wide rings mean good years and thin rings mean hard dry years. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/6/) — Grey squirrels bury nuts in many separate spots and find many by memory and smell, but the acorns they and jays forget can grow into new oak trees. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/7/) — Bluebells grow from bulbs and flower in April and May, before the trees above are fully in leaf, because that is when sunlight still reaches the forest floor; about half of all the world's bluebells grow in Britain. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/8/) — A great spotted woodpecker drums on dead wood up to about 20 times a second to mark its territory, and its very long tongue wraps around the back of its skull. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/9/) — The taiga, or boreal forest, is mostly spruce, pine, fir and larch, and it is the biggest land habitat on Earth, nearly a third of all the world's forest. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/10/) — Narrow waxy needles lose little water and survive frost, and the cone shape of a spruce lets heavy snow slide off instead of breaking the branches. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/11/) — The moose, called elk in Britain, is the largest deer; a big bull can stand over 2 metres at the shoulder and can put its whole head under water to eat salty water plants. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/12/) — A mushroom is only the fruit of a fungus; the main fungus is a web of fine threads in wood and soil that rots dead things back into soil, and some wild mushrooms are deadly, so never touch or eat them. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/13/) — Hedgehogs feed up in autumn, then hibernate in a nest of leaves, and their heart slows from about 190 beats a minute to about 20; a hedgehog wandering about in winter snow has woken too early and may be in trouble. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/14/) — The twit-twoo call is usually two tawny owls: one calls kee-wick and another answers hoo-hooo; owls cannot move their eyes, so they turn their heads, up to about 270 degrees. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/15/) — Lichen, like old man's beard, is not a plant but a fungus and a tiny green alga living together; beard lichens take water and food straight from the air, so they grow only where the air is very clean, and reindeer dig under snow to eat lichen. - ← previous: [Swamps, marshes, mangroves and bogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/11-swamps-marshes-mangroves-and-bogs/) - next →: [Mountains: life as you climb higher](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)