--- title: Lichen, like old man's beard, is not a plant but a fungus and a tiny… — Forests: woodland through the year and the great… · tree and pragmatics description: Lichen, like old man's beard, is not a plant but a fungus and a tiny green alga living together; beard lichens take water and food straight from the air, so they grow only where the air is very clean, and reindeer dig under snow to eat lichen. Who acts: Lichen, tiny green alga, beard lichens, plants --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Forests: woodland through the year and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/) / 15 # Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest, sentence 15 Lichen, like old man's beard, is not a plant but a fungus and a tiny green alga living together; beard lichens take water and food straight from the air, so they grow only where the air is very clean, and reindeer dig under snow to eat lichen. **Who acts:** Lichen, tiny green alga, beard lichens, plants, air, reindeer · **What happens:** not be, live together, take, grow, be, dig · **To what, where:** plant, water, air, snow, lichen This is a sentence of the lesson «Forests: woodland through the year and the great northern forest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lichen, tiny green alga, beard lichens, plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:012-forests-woodland-through-the-year.lesson:15 # text = Lichen, like old man's beard, is not a plant but a fungus and a tiny green alga living together; beard lichens take water and food straight from the air, so they grow only where the air is very clean, and reindeer dig under snow to eat lichen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 012-forests-woodland-through-the-year.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Lichen Lichen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 3 like like ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 4 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 's 's PART POS _ 5 case _ _ 7 beard beard NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 parataxis _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 alga alga NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:conj 21 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 acl _ _ 22 together together ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 beard beard NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 lichens lichen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:conj 26 take take VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 27 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:compound 30 straight straight NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 so so ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 38 only only ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 44 advmod _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 43 very very ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 clean clean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:ccomp 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 reindeer reindeer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nsubj _ _ 48 dig dig VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 conj _ _ 49 under under ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 51 to to PART TO _ 52 mark _ _ 52 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=50:acl 53 lichen lichen NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obj _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Lichen | a plant but a fungus and a tiny green alga | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **live together** | gerund | a tiny green alga *not said here* | | | | | together *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **take** | infinitive | beard lichens | water and food and straight | | the air | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from air=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **grow** | present | plants *= plant* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | the air | | | | | clean *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **dig** | present | reindeer | | | snow | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent under snow=Location | | 7 | **eat** | to-infinitive | reindeer *not said here* | lichen | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lichen=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:012-forests-woodland-through-the-year.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Forests: woodland through the year and…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/14/) - next →: [Mountains: life as you climb higher, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/12-forests-woodland-through-the-year/)