--- title: Many dogs chase things that run away, such as cats, squirrels and ba… — Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or fr… · tree and pragmatics description: Many dogs chase things that run away, such as cats, squirrels and balls; this is called prey drive, and it comes from their wolf ancestors; a cat that stands still and calm often leaves a dog unsure what to do. Who acts: Many dogs, things, drive, cat. A sentence of the lesson «Spike and Tom: real do --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/) / 10 # Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?, sentence 10 Many dogs chase things that run away, such as cats, squirrels and balls; this is called prey drive, and it comes from their wolf ancestors; a cat that stands still and calm often leaves a dog unsure what to do. **Who acts:** Many dogs, things, drive, cat · **What happens:** chase, run away, call, come, stand, leave · **To what, where:** things, this, wolf ancestors, dog · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many dogs, things, drive, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson:10 # text = Many dogs chase things that run away, such as cats, squirrels and balls; this is called prey drive, and it comes from their wolf ancestors; a cat that stands still and calm often leaves a dog unsure what to do. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 chase chase VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 run run VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 away away ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 11 case _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 9 fixed _ _ 11 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 squirrels squirrel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 balls ball NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 17 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 parataxis _ _ 20 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 drive drive NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 26 from from ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 wolf wolf NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 ancestors ancestor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 33 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 34 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 acl:relcl _ _ 35 still still ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 calm calm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:conj 38 often often ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 leaves leave VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 42 unsure unsure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 xcomp _ _ 43 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 45 obj _ _ 44 to to PART TO _ 45 mark _ _ 45 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 ccomp _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **chase** | present | Many dogs | things | | | | such cats and squirrels and balls | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | | 2 | **run away** | present | things | | | | | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **call** | present · passive | | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 4 | **come** | present | drive | | | cats's wolf ancestors | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **stand** | present | a cat | | | | still | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **leave** | present | a cat | a dog | | | | often, unsure *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | | 7 | **do** | to-infinitive | a cat *not said here* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/9/) - next →: [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/)