--- title: Bulldogs were bred by people to have short noses and flat faces; ver… — Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or fr… · tree and pragmatics description: Bulldogs were bred by people to have short noses and flat faces; very flat-faced dogs often struggle to breathe, snore and overheat easily. Who acts: people, faced dogs. A sentence of the lesson «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/) / 12 # Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?, sentence 12 Bulldogs were bred by people to have short noses and flat faces; very flat-faced dogs often struggle to breathe, snore and overheat easily. **Who acts:** people, faced dogs · **What happens:** breed, have, struggle, breathe, snore, overheat · **To what, where:** Bulldogs, short noses This is a sentence of the lesson «Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, enemies or friends?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, faced dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson:12 # text = Bulldogs were bred by people to have short noses and flat faces; very flat-faced dogs often struggle to breathe, snore and overheat easily. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Bulldogs bulldog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 bred breed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl:agent _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:xcomp 8 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 noses nose NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 14 very very ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:advmod 15 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ _ 17 faced faced ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 19 often often ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 struggle struggle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 breathe breathe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 snore snore VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 overheat overheat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj 27 easily easily ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breed** | past · passive | people | Bulldogs | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | short noses and flat faces | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient | | 3 | **struggle** | present | faced dogs | | | | | often *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **breathe** | to-infinitive | faced dogs *not said here* | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **snore** | infinitive | faced dogs *not said here* | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **overheat** | infinitive | faced dogs *not said here* | | | | | easily *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/11/) - next →: [Spike and Tom: real dogs and cats, ene…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/121-spike-and-tom-real-dogs-and-cats/)