---
title: Most kinds of lemurs are endangered, mainly because their forests ar… — Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa · tree and pragmatics
description: Most kinds of lemurs are endangered, mainly because their forests are being cut down, and they are among the most threatened mammals in the world. Who acts: Most kinds, forests. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary scho
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/15/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/) / 15

# Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most kinds of lemurs are endangered, mainly because their forests are being cut down, and they are among the most threatened mammals in the world.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Most kinds, forests · **What happens:** be, cut down · **To what, where:** forests, world

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most kinds, forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:15
# text = Most kinds of lemurs are endangered, mainly because their forests are being cut down, and they are among the most threatened mammals in the world.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	lemurs	lemur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	endangered	endangered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
20	among	among	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	23	advmod	_	_
23	threatened	threatened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Most kinds of lemurs |  |  |  |  | endangered *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut down** | present · passive |  | lemurs's forests |  |  |  | mainly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **is** | present | forests *= forest* |  |  | the world |  | among the threatened mammals | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/14/)
- next →: [Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/16/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/)