--- title: Real ring-tailed lemurs are led by females, not kings, sunbathe each… — Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa · tree and pragmatics description: Real ring-tailed lemurs are led by females, not kings, sunbathe each morning with arms spread wide, and male rivals hold «stink fights» by waving smelly tails. Who acts: females, male rivals. A sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/) / 3 # Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa, sentence 3 Real ring-tailed lemurs are led by females, not kings, sunbathe each morning with arms spread wide, and male rivals hold «stink fights» by waving smelly tails. **Who acts:** females, male rivals · **What happens:** tail, lead, sunbathe, spread, hold, wave · **To what, where:** Real tailed lemurs, arms, stink fights, smelly tails This is a sentence of the lesson «Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye and the fossa» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (females, male rivals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:3 # text = Real ring-tailed lemurs are led by females, not kings, sunbathe each morning with arms spread wide, and male rivals hold «stink fights» by waving smelly tails. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 2 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 tailed tail VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 lemurs lemur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:agent _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:obl 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 sunbathe sunbathe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 15 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 16 det _ _ 16 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl:unmarked _ _ 17 with with SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 advcl _ _ 20 wide wide ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 male male ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 rivals rival NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=14:conj 26 « « PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ _ 27 stink stink NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 fights fight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 29 » » PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ _ 30 by by SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 31 waving wave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 32 smelly smelly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 tails tail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tail** | participle | | | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **lead** | present · passive | females and kings | Real tailed lemurs | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 3 | **sunbathe** | infinitive | females and kings *not said here* | | | | morning | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **spread** | participle · passive | | arms | | | | wide *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **hold** | present | male rivals | stink fights | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Theme | | 6 | **wave** | gerund | male rivals *not said here* | smelly tails | | | | | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:127-madagascar-real-lemurs.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/2/) - next →: [Madagascar: real lemurs, the aye-aye a…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/127-madagascar-real-lemurs/)