---
title: A penguin's black back and white belly are camouflage called counter… — The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and ch… · tree and pragmatics
description: A penguin's black back and white belly are camouflage called countershading, which many fish and sharks have too. Who acts: belly, camouflage, many fish. A sentence of the lesson «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency
---

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# The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A penguin's black back and white belly are camouflage called countershading, which many fish and sharks have too.

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**Who acts:** belly, camouflage, many fish · **What happens:** be, call, have · **To what, where:** camouflage, countershading · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (belly, camouflage, many fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson:10
# text = A penguin's black back and white belly are camouflage called countershading, which many fish and sharks have too.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
8	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	camouflage	camouflage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	countershading	countershading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
20	too	too	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a penguin's belly and black back | camouflage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | camouflage *not said here* | countershading |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | present | many fish and sharks | countershading |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [The penguins of Madagascar: real pengu…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/8/)
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