--- title: Penguins waddle because their legs are short and set far back, and w… — The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and ch… · tree and pragmatics description: Penguins waddle because their legs are short and set far back, and waddling actually saves energy; their knees are hidden under their feathers. Who acts: Penguins, legs, waddling. A sentence of the lesson «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The penguins of Madagascar: real pengu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/) / 8 # The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps, sentence 8 Penguins waddle because their legs are short and set far back, and waddling actually saves energy; their knees are hidden under their feathers. **Who acts:** Penguins, legs, waddling · **What happens:** waddle, be, save, hide · **To what, where:** energy, knees, feathers This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguins of Madagascar: real penguins and chimps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penguins, legs, waddling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson:8 # text = Penguins waddle because their legs are short and set far back, and waddling actually saves energy; their knees are hidden under their feathers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 waddle waddle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 because because SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 advcl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 set set ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 10 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 11 advmod _ _ 11 back back ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:advmod 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 waddling waddle VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 csubj _ _ 15 actually actually ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod 16 saves save VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 17 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 knees knee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 23 under under ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **waddle** | present | Penguins | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | penguins's legs | | | | | short *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | penguins's legs *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **waddle** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **save** | present | waddling | energy | | | | actually *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 6 | **hide** | present · passive | | penguins's knees | | penguins's feathers | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under feather=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The penguins of Madagascar: real pengu…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/7/) - next →: [The penguins of Madagascar: real pengu…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/129-madagascar-real-penguins-and-chimps/)