--- title: Llamas mostly spit at other llamas, not at people, to settle argumen… — Mountains: life as you climb higher · tree and pragmatics description: Llamas mostly spit at other llamas, not at people, to settle arguments over food or space; llamas and alpacas come from the Andes and are cousins of camels. Who acts: Llamas. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Mountains: life as you climb higher](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/) / 13 # Mountains: life as you climb higher, sentence 13 Llamas mostly spit at other llamas, not at people, to settle arguments over food or space; llamas and alpacas come from the Andes and are cousins of camels. **Who acts:** Llamas · **What happens:** spit, settle, come, be · **To what, where:** arguments, food, Andes, cousins This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Llamas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:13 # text = Llamas mostly spit at other llamas, not at people, to settle arguments over food or space; llamas and alpacas come from the Andes and are cousins of camels. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 spit spit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 parataxis _ _ 4 at at ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 settle settle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 14 arguments argument NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 over over ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obl 17 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 space space NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 llamas llama NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:conj 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 alpacas alpaca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 23 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 24 from from ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Andes Andes PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 29 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 camels camel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spit** | present | Llamas | | | | | at other llamas and people; mostly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **settle** | to-infinitive | Llamas *not said here* | arguments | | food or space | | | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme argument=Location | | 3 | **come** | present | llamas and alpacas | | | the Andes | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from andes=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **is a** | present | llamas and alpacas *not said here* | cousins | | | | of camels | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mountains: life as you climb higher, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/12/) - next →: [Mountains: life as you climb higher, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/)