--- title: Air is thinner higher up, so each breath has less oxygen; at the top… — Mountains: life as you climb higher · tree and pragmatics description: Air is thinner higher up, so each breath has less oxygen; at the top of Mount Everest a breath has only about a third of the oxygen it has at the beach, so most climbers carry oxygen bottles. Who acts: Air, breath, most climbers. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Mountains: life as you climb higher](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/) / 5 # Mountains: life as you climb higher, sentence 5 Air is thinner higher up, so each breath has less oxygen; at the top of Mount Everest a breath has only about a third of the oxygen it has at the beach, so most climbers carry oxygen bottles. **Who acts:** Air, breath, most climbers · **What happens:** be, have, carry · **To what, where:** less oxygen, third, top, oxygen, beach, oxygen bottles This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains: life as you climb higher» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Air, breath, most climbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:5 # text = Air is thinner higher up, so each breath has less oxygen; at the top of Mount Everest a breath has only about a third of the oxygen it has at the beach, so most climbers carry oxygen bottles. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 thinner thinner ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 4 higher high ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 3 advmod _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 8 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 9 det _ _ 9 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 amod _ _ 12 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 at at ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 Mount mount NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 Everest everest NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 only only ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 24 about about ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 third third NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 acl:relcl _ _ 32 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 beach beach NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 37 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 38 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 38 climbers climber NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 40 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 bottles bottle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Air | | | | | high, thinner *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | each breath | less oxygen | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient | | 3 | **have** | present | a breath | a third of the oxygen | | the top of Mount Everest | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent third=Patient | | 4 | **have** | present | air | the oxygen *not said here* | | the beach | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient | | 5 | **carry** | present | most climbers | oxygen bottles | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottle=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:013-mountains-life-as-you-climb.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mountains: life as you climb higher, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/4/) - next →: [Mountains: life as you climb higher, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/13-mountains-life-as-you-climb/)