---
title: Mammoths were close relatives of today's elephants, closest of all t… — Ice Age: real woolly mammoths · tree and pragmatics
description: Mammoths were close relatives of today's elephants, closest of all to the Asian elephant, as scientists found by comparing DNA. Who acts: Mammoths, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, sentence 12

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Mammoths were close relatives of today's elephants, closest of all to the Asian elephant, as scientists found by comparing DNA.

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**Who acts:** Mammoths, scientists · **What happens:** be, find, compare · **To what, where:** close relatives, DNA

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mammoths, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:12
# text = Mammoths were close relatives of today's elephants, closest of all to the Asian elephant, as scientists found by comparing DNA.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
21	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	comparing	compare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
23	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Mammoths | close relatives |  |  |  | of today's elephants | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past | scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **compare** | gerund | scientists *not said here* | DNA |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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