--- title: Small ears and a short tail kept the cold out, because big ears lose… — Ice Age: real woolly mammoths · tree and pragmatics description: Small ears and a short tail kept the cold out, because big ears lose heat; that is useful in hot Africa but dangerous on a frozen plain. Who acts: Small ears, big ears, that. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age: real woolly mammoths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/) / 2 # Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, sentence 2 Small ears and a short tail kept the cold out, because big ears lose heat; that is useful in hot Africa but dangerous on a frozen plain. **Who acts:** Small ears, big ears, that · **What happens:** keep out, lose, be, freeze · **To what, where:** cold, heat, hot Africa, frozen plain This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small ears, big ears, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:2 # text = Small ears and a short tail kept the cold out, because big ears lose heat; that is useful in hot Africa but dangerous on a frozen plain. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 7 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 out out ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 because because SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 13 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 16 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 18 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 useful useful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 conj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 but but CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 conj _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 29 plain plain NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:obl 30 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep out** | past | Small ears and a short tail | the cold | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme | | 2 | **lose** | present | big ears | heat | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | | 3 | **is** | present | that | | | hot Africa | | useful *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | that *not said here* | | | a frozen plain | | | tree rules | | 5 | **freeze** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/1/) - next →: [Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/)