---
title: Woolly mammoths had small ears and short tails, much smaller than an… — Ice Age: real woolly mammoths · tree and pragmatics
description: Woolly mammoths had small ears and short tails, much smaller than an African elephant's, which kept heat in and were less likely to freeze. Who acts: Woolly mammoths, small ears. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependen
---

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# Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, sentence 6

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Woolly mammoths had small ears and short tails, much smaller than an African elephant's, which kept heat in and were less likely to freeze.

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**Who acts:** Woolly mammoths, small ears · **What happens:** have, keep, be, freeze · **To what, where:** small ears, heat

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Woolly mammoths, small ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:6
# text = Woolly mammoths had small ears and short tails, much smaller than an African elephant's, which kept heat in and were less likely to freeze.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	much	much	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:advcl
20	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	RP	_	19	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Woolly mammoths | small ears and short tails |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | past | small ears and short tails | heat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | small ears and short tails *not said here* |  |  |  |  | less, likely *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **freeze** | to-infinitive | small ears and short tails *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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