--- title: Mammoth tusks could be up to about 4 metres long and curved strongly… — Ice Age: real woolly mammoths · tree and pragmatics description: Mammoth tusks could be up to about 4 metres long and curved strongly upward and inward; they were used to sweep snow off grass, to fight and maybe to show off. Who acts: Mammoth tusks. A sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ice Age: real woolly mammoths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/) / 7 # Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, sentence 7 Mammoth tusks could be up to about 4 metres long and curved strongly upward and inward; they were used to sweep snow off grass, to fight and maybe to show off. **Who acts:** Mammoth tusks · **What happens:** be, curve, use, sweep, fight, show off · **To what, where:** 4 metres, tusks, snow, grass This is a sentence of the lesson «Ice Age: real woolly mammoths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mammoth tusks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:7 # text = Mammoth tusks could be up to about 4 metres long and curved strongly upward and inward; they were used to sweep snow off grass, to fight and maybe to show off. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Mammoth mammoth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 4 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 9 cop _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 about about ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 10 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 12 advmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 curved curve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl:relcl _ _ 13 strongly strongly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 upward upward ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 inward inward ADV RB Degree=Pos 14 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 sweep sweep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 off off ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 maybe maybe ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 conj _ _ 33 off off ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | could | Mammoth tusks | | | | | to 4 metres | tree rules | | 2 | **curve** | participle | | 4 metres *not said here* | | | | long, upward *property* | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | | 3 | **use** | past · passive | | tusks *= tusk* | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **sweep** | to-infinitive | | snow | | grass | | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent snow=Theme off grass=Trajectory | | 5 | **fight** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **show off** | to-infinitive | | | | | | maybe *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/6/) - next →: [Ice Age: real woolly mammoths, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/130-ice-age-real-woolly-mammoths/)