--- title: Herring gulls learn that people carry food and swoop to grab it; sci… — The city as a habitat · tree and pragmatics description: Herring gulls learn that people carry food and swoop to grab it; scientists in England found gulls were slower to grab food when a person stared straight at them. Who acts: Herring gulls, people, scientists, gulls. A sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The city as a habitat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/) / 11 # The city as a habitat, sentence 11 Herring gulls learn that people carry food and swoop to grab it; scientists in England found gulls were slower to grab food when a person stared straight at them. **Who acts:** Herring gulls, people, scientists, gulls, person · **What happens:** learn, carry, swoop, grab, find, be · **To what, where:** food · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Herring gulls, people, scientists, gulls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:11 # text = Herring gulls learn that people carry food and swoop to grab it; scientists in England found gulls were slower to grab food when a person stared straight at them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Herring herring NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 gulls gull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 learn learn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 5 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 7 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 swoop swoop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 grab grab VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 18 gulls gull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 slower slow ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 ccomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:ccomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 grab grab VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:xcomp 23 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 when when SCONJ WRB _ 27 mark _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 stared stare VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 28 straight straight ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **learn** | present | Herring gulls | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **carry** | present | people | food | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 3 | **swoop** | present | people *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **grab** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | food | | | | | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **find** | past | scientists in England | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | past | gulls | | | | | slow *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **grab** | to-infinitive | gulls *not said here* | food | | | | | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 8 | **stare** | past | a person | | | | | at gulls *= gull*; straight *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The city as a habitat, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/10/) - next →: [The city as a habitat, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/)