---
title: City life changes animals too: robins sing under streetlamps at nigh… — The city as a habitat · tree and pragmatics
description: City life changes animals too: robins sing under streetlamps at night, and some great tits sing higher to be heard over the traffic. Who acts: City life, robins, great tits. A sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The city as a habitat, sentence 3

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City life changes animals too: robins sing under streetlamps at night, and some great tits sing higher to be heard over the traffic.

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**Who acts:** City life, robins, great tits · **What happens:** change, sing, hear · **To what, where:** animals, streetlamps, traffic

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (City life, robins, great tits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:3
# text = City life changes animals too: robins sing under streetlamps at night, and some great tits sing higher to be heard over the traffic.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2
1	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	robins	robin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	streetlamps	streetlamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	tits	tit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	higher	high	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	18	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
23	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | City life | animals |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | robins |  |  | streetlamps | night |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under streetlamp=Location |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | some great tits |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hear** | to-infinitive · passive | some great tits *not said here* |  |  | the traffic |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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