--- title: City pigeons are descended from wild rock doves that nest on sea cli… — The city as a habitat · tree and pragmatics description: City pigeons are descended from wild rock doves that nest on sea cliffs, and ledges on tall buildings are like cliffs to them; a war pigeon called Cher Ami carried a message that helped save nearly 200 soldiers in 1918. Who acts: wild rock doves, ledges, war pigeon, message. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The city as a habitat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/) / 5 # The city as a habitat, sentence 5 City pigeons are descended from wild rock doves that nest on sea cliffs, and ledges on tall buildings are like cliffs to them; a war pigeon called Cher Ami carried a message that helped save nearly 200 soldiers in 1918. **Who acts:** wild rock doves, ledges, war pigeon, message · **What happens:** descend, nest, be, call, carry, help · **To what, where:** City pigeons, wild rock doves, sea cliffs, Pigeons, war pigeon, message · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The city as a habitat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wild rock doves, ledges, war pigeon, message), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:5 # text = City pigeons are descended from wild rock doves that nest on sea cliffs, and ledges on tall buildings are like cliffs to them; a war pigeon called Cher Ami carried a message that helped save nearly 200 soldiers in 1918. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 City city NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 pigeons pigeon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 descended descend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 doves dove NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 nest nest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 11 on on ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 ledges ledge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 17 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 buildings building NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 21 like like ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 pigeon pigeon NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 29 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 acl _ _ 30 Cher Cher PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 Ami Ami PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 xcomp _ _ 32 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 message message NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 36 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl:relcl _ _ 37 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 xcomp _ _ 38 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 40 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 1918 1918 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 37 obl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **descend** | present · passive | | City pigeons | | wild rock doves | | | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **nest** | present | wild rock doves | | | sea cliffs | | | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | ledges on tall buildings | | Pigeons *= pigeon* | | | like cliffs | tree rules | | 4 | **call** | participle | | a war pigeon *not said here* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **carry** | past | a war pigeon | a message | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | | 6 | **help** | past | a message | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **save** | infinitive | a message *not said here* | 200 soldiers | | 1918 | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:014-the-city-as-a-habitat.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The city as a habitat, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/4/) - next →: [The city as a habitat, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/14-the-city-as-a-habitat/)