--- title: Real donkeys are mostly quiet, but their bray is so loud it carries… — Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules · tree and pragmatics description: Real donkeys are mostly quiet, but their bray is so loud it carries about three kilometres, because wild donkeys live spread out across dry, rocky lands and need to keep in touch. Who acts: Real donkeys, bray, wild donkeys, waffles. A sentence of the lesson «Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/) / 1 # Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules, sentence 1 Real donkeys are mostly quiet, but their bray is so loud it carries about three kilometres, because wild donkeys live spread out across dry, rocky lands and need to keep in touch. **Who acts:** Real donkeys, bray, wild donkeys, waffles · **What happens:** be, carry, live, spread out, need, keep · **To what, where:** three kilometres, dry, touch This is a sentence of the lesson «Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real donkeys, bray, wild donkeys, waffles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:1 # text = Real donkeys are mostly quiet, but their bray is so loud it carries about three kilometres, because wild donkeys live spread out across dry, rocky lands and need to keep in touch. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 donkeys donkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 quiet quiet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 7 but but CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 bray bray NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 carries carry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:advcl 15 about about ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:obl:unmarked 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 because because SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 20 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 donkeys donkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 23 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 xcomp _ _ 24 out out ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 across across ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 dry dry NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 rocky rocky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 touch touch NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Real donkeys | | | | | mostly, quiet *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | waffles's bray | | | | | loud *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **carry** | present | bray | three kilometres | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme | | 4 | **live** | present | wild donkeys | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **spread out** | participle | wild donkeys *not said here* | | | dry and rocky lands | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across dry=Destination | | 6 | **need** | present | wild donkeys *not said here* | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 7 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | wild donkeys *not said here* | | | touch | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in touch=Location | | 8 | **bray** | | waffles *= waffle* | | | | | | nom bray «event intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/0/) - next →: [Shrek's Donkey: real donkeys and mules, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/145-shrek-s-donkey-real-donkeys-and-mules/)