---
title: Gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans are apes, not monkeys:… — Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops · tree and pragmatics
description: Gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans are apes, not monkeys: apes have no tail; gibbons, the acrobats of Asian forests, are smaller apes with no tail too. Who acts: Gorillas, apes, gibbons. A sentence of the lesson «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary sc
---

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# Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans are apes, not monkeys: apes have no tail; gibbons, the acrobats of Asian forests, are smaller apes with no tail too.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gorillas, apes, gibbons · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** apes, tail, smaller apes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gorillas, apes, gibbons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson:16
# text = Gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans are apes, not monkeys: apes have no tail; gibbons, the acrobats of Asian forests, are smaller apes with no tail too.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
19	gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	acrobats	acrobat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=9:punct
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	29	amod	_	_
29	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	32	det	_	_
32	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:obl
33	too	too	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gorillas and chimpanzees and bonobos and orangutans | apes and monkeys |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | apes | no tail |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | gibbons | smaller apes |  |  |  | with no tail | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/15/)
- next →: [The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos,…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/16-the-great-apes/0/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/)