--- title: Howler monkeys have a big hollow bone in the throat that makes their… — Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops · tree and pragmatics description: Howler monkeys have a big hollow bone in the throat that makes their call heard about 5 kilometres away, so troops know where the others are without fighting. Who acts: Howler monkeys, big hollow bone, call, troops. A sentence of the lesson «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/) / 9 # Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, sentence 9 Howler monkeys have a big hollow bone in the throat that makes their call heard about 5 kilometres away, so troops know where the others are without fighting. **Who acts:** Howler monkeys, big hollow bone, call, troops, others, monkeys · **What happens:** have, make, hear, know, fight, call · **To what, where:** big hollow bone, throat, call · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Howler monkeys, big hollow bone, call, troops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson:9 # text = Howler monkeys have a big hollow bone in the throat that makes their call heard about 5 kilometres away, so troops know where the others are without fighting. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Howler howler NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 monkeys monkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 throat throat NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 call call NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 xcomp _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 5 5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 19 away away ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 so so ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 22 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 23 nsubj _ _ 23 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 24 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 29 advmod _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 without without SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 29 fighting fight VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 ccomp _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Howler monkeys | a big hollow bone | | the throat | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | | 2 | **make** | present | a big hollow bone | monkeys's call | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **hear** | participle | monkeys's call *not said here* | | | | | away *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **know** | present | troops | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 5 | **fight** | present · progressive | the others | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **call** | | monkeys *= monkey* | | | | | | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:015-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/8/) - next →: [Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/15-monkeys-kinds-tails-and-troops/)