--- title: Rain falling on snow can freeze into hard ice layers that seal lemmi… — Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs? · tree and pragmatics description: Rain falling on snow can freeze into hard ice layers that seal lemmings off from their food and soak their nests, and in parts of Norway boom years became rarer for a while as winters changed. Who acts: Rain, hard ice layers, winters. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/) / 15 # Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, sentence 15 Rain falling on snow can freeze into hard ice layers that seal lemmings off from their food and soak their nests, and in parts of Norway boom years became rarer for a while as winters changed. **Who acts:** Rain, hard ice layers, winters · **What happens:** fall, freeze, seal off, soak, become, change · **To what, where:** snow, hard ice layers, lemmings, food, nests, parts This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rain, hard ice layers, winters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:15 # text = Rain falling on snow can freeze into hard ice layers that seal lemmings off from their food and soak their nests, and in parts of Norway boom years became rarer for a while as winters changed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 2 falling fall VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 acl _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 5 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 freeze freeze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 into into ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 seal seal VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 lemmings lemming NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 off off ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 soak soak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 nests nest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:nsubj 26 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 Norway Norway PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 28 boom boom NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 30 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 31 rarer rare ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 30 xcomp _ _ 32 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 while while NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 35 as as SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 36 winters winter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 37 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | gerund | Rain *not said here* | | | snow | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on snow=Location | | 2 | **freeze** | can | Rain | | | hard ice layers | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **seal off** | present | hard ice layers | lemmings | | lemmings's food | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lemming=Patient | | 4 | **soak** | present | hard ice layers *not said here* | lemmings's nests | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nest=Theme | | 5 | **become** | past | Rain *not said here* | | | | | in parts of Norway boom years *result*; rare *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in part=Result | | 6 | **change** | past | winters | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/14/) - next →: [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/)