--- title: Lemming numbers rise and fall in cycles, often every three to four y… — Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs? · tree and pragmatics description: Lemming numbers rise and fall in cycles, often every three to four years: plenty of food means fast breeding, then food runs short, predators increase and numbers crash. Who acts: Lemming numbers, plenty, food, predators. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the bio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/) / 7 # Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, sentence 7 Lemming numbers rise and fall in cycles, often every three to four years: plenty of food means fast breeding, then food runs short, predators increase and numbers crash. **Who acts:** Lemming numbers, plenty, food, predators, numbers · **What happens:** rise, fall, mean, run, increase, crash · **To what, where:** cycles, fast breeding This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lemming numbers, plenty, food, predators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:7 # text = Lemming numbers rise and fall in cycles, often every three to four years: plenty of food means fast breeding, then food runs short, predators increase and numbers crash. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Lemming lemming NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 rise rise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 cycles cycle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 9 often often ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 10 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 14 det _ _ 11 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nmod _ _ 14 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 16 plenty plenty NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 20 fast fast ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 breeding breeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 25 advmod _ _ 24 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 runs run VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 parataxis _ _ 26 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 increase increase VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 crash crash VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rise** | present | Lemming numbers | | | cycles | year | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cycle=Location | | 2 | **fall** | present | Lemming numbers *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **mean** | present | plenty of food | fast breeding | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breeding=Topic | | 4 | **run** | present | food | | | | then | short *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **increase** | present | predators | | | | | | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **crash** | present | numbers | | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/6/) - next →: [Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/)