--- title: Fish breathe by drawing water in through the mouth and over the gill… — Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memo… · tree and pragmatics description: Fish breathe by drawing water in through the mouth and over the gills, so a goldfish opens and shuts its mouth all the time. Who acts: Fish, goldfish. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: do goldfish have a three-s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/) / 16 # Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?, sentence 16 Fish breathe by drawing water in through the mouth and over the gills, so a goldfish opens and shuts its mouth all the time. **Who acts:** Fish, goldfish · **What happens:** breathe, draw, open, shut · **To what, where:** water, mouth This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fish, goldfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:152-goldfish-memory.lesson:16 # text = Fish breathe by drawing water in through the mouth and over the gills, so a goldfish opens and shuts its mouth all the time. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 152-goldfish-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3 1 Fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 by by SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 drawing draw VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 5 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 through through ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=9:cc 11 over over ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 15 so so CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=2:cc 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 goldfish goldfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 opens open VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=18:cc 20 shuts shut VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 25 det:predet _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl:unmarked _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breathe** | present | Fish | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **draw** | gerund | Fish *not said here* | water | | the mouth and the gills | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme in mouth=Destination | | 3 | **open** | present | a goldfish | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **shut** | present | a goldfish *not said here* | goldfish's mouth | | | time | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:152-goldfish-memory.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: do goldfish have a three-s…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/15/) - next →: [Myth check: do goldfish have a three-s…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/152-goldfish-memory/)