--- title: Many small insect-eating bats have a second trick: they shout high-p… — Myth check: are bats blind? · tree and pragmatics description: Many small insect-eating bats have a second trick: they shout high-pitched calls and listen to the echoes, like a torch made of sound, which is called echolocation. Who acts: Many small eating bats, People. A sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Myth check: are bats blind?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/) / 1 # Myth check: are bats blind?, sentence 1 Many small insect-eating bats have a second trick: they shout high-pitched calls and listen to the echoes, like a torch made of sound, which is called echolocation. **Who acts:** Many small eating bats, People · **What happens:** eat, have, shout, pitch, listen, make · **To what, where:** second trick, pitched calls, torch · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many small eating bats, People), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:1 # text = Many small insect-eating bats have a second trick: they shout high-pitched calls and listen to the echoes, like a torch made of sound, which is called echolocation. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 153-are-bats-blind.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 2 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 3 insect insect NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 4 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 3 punct _ _ 5 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 amod _ _ 6 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 10 amod _ _ 10 trick trick NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 shout shout VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 14 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 compound _ _ 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 16 pitched pitch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 amod _ _ 17 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 listen listen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 20 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 like like ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 torch torch NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 27 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 acl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 acl:relcl _ _ 34 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 xcomp _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | gerund | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **have** | present | Many small eating bats | a second trick | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient | | 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | present | People | pitched calls | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent call=Topic | | 4 | **pitch** | participle | | | | | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **listen** | present | People *not said here* | | | | | to the echoes; like a torch | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | | 6 | **make** | participle | | a torch *not said here* | | | | of sound | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 7 | **call** | present · passive | | a torch | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:153-are-bats-blind.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/0/) - next →: [Myth check: are bats blind?, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/153-are-bats-blind/)